Coins are more than just currency — they're miniature works of art with carefully considered details. From the edge to the effigy, every part of a coin has a name and a function. Learning the terms used to describe these features can help you better recognise, talk about and appreciate the craftsmanship behind each coin.
Also known as the "heads" side, in Australian coinage the obverse features the effigy of the reigning monarch.
The reverse is the "tails" side of the coin, where you’ll find the main design or commemorative artwork. This side often changes to mark events, anniversaries or cultural milestones.
The denomination is the coin’s face value — such as 5 cents, $1 or $2 — and shows what it’s officially worth as legal tender.
The edge is the outer border of a coin. It can be plain, reeded (grooved), or feature lettering or design elements. Some edges serve a security function or carry unique artistic details.
The rim is the raised border circling both sides of a coin. It helps protect the design from wear and makes stacking easier.
A mint mark is a small letter or symbol that identifies where the coin was made. Not all coins have mint marks, but collectors often look for them. Mint marks are crucial for authenticity and historical context, allowing collectors and researchers to trace a coin's origin.
A privy mark is a small symbol or design element added to a coin. Unlike a mint mark, which identifies the mint where a coin was produced, a privy mark typically has a more symbolic role and may not appear on every coin.
Relief refers to how much the design stands out from (or into) the surface of the coin. High-relief coins have greater depth and can feature more intricate detail.
Finish describes the surface treatment and texture of a coin. Common finishes include proof, uncirculated, frosted and brilliant.
The field is the flat background behind the coin’s design. A smooth, polished field helps highlight the coin’s main features and overall finish.
The legend refers to any inscribed text on the coin, such as the country name or wording.
Many coins include the initials — or occasionally the full name — of the artist who designed them, usually tucked subtly into the design.
The year on a coin indicates when it was minted. This is a key detail for collectors tracking a coin’s history or place in a series.